BPC-157 TB-500 references connect claims with original papers
How can you check a BPC-157 TB-500 claim? The links below connect each claim to papers and agency pages you can check.
The small numbered marks lead you to the studies
Where can you check a BPC-157 TB-500 claim? You can match each small numbered mark with the study list.
Sources 1 through 8 cover healing studies and reviews. Source 9 covers animal amounts, breakdown, human studies, and sports rules.
Sources 10 through 13 are FDA pages about pharmacy rules. You can read the original work through the links.
The codes below identify substances, rather than describe healing. You don't need them to judge the study findings.
BPC-157's small protein parts follow this order: GEPPPGKPADDAGLV. The formula C62H98N16O22 describes its chemical makeup.
MW means weight; here it's about 1419.5 daltons, a tiny weight unit called Da. CAS 137525-51-0 and PubChem CID 108101 identify the substance in lab lists.
TB-500's small protein parts follow this order: Ac-LKKTETQ. Its formula C38H68N10O14 describes its chemical makeup.
Its tiny weight is about 889.0 daltons. UniProt P62328 identifies the parent protein, Thymosin Beta-4, in a list of proteins.
- Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
- Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. ↗
- Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. ↗
- Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. ↗
- Esposito S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential. Drug Test Anal. 2012;4(9):733-738. ↗
- Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. ↗
- Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
- Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. ↗
- Compiled dosage, pharmacokinetic, route, WADA, and human-data context for BPC-157 and TB-500 / thymosin beta-4 from the audited Wolverine compound corpus (research summaries of rodent dose-response, rat/dog PK, and Phase 1 full-length thymosin beta-4 studies). Research context only; not human dosing guidance. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. (Entries for BPC-157 and 'Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500', first placed in Category 2 with the September 29, 2023 update to the nominated-substances list and listed among withdrawn nominations on the page current as of April 22, 2026.) ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. (Definitions of Category 1 and Category 2, the 503A/503B framework, and the bulks-list nomination process.) ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance landing page; finalized January 2025). ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. (Public calendar listing BPC-157 and TB-500 among bulk drug substances 'being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List'; the July meeting was a discussion, not a decision.) ↗
- Cha HJ, Jeong MJ, Kleinman HK. Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003. ↗
- Ho ENM, et al. Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin beta4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2012. ↗
- Ruff D, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010. ↗
- et al. A first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, single- and multiple-dose, phase I study of recombinant human thymosin beta4 in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Cell Mol Med. 2021. ↗